In 1941, Orwell wrote his essay The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius, in which he summarized Britain's wartime situation, and expressed his political opinions. Orwell served in the Home Guаrd during the war. He remained a socialist, and was for a time in the late 1930s a member of the Independent Labour Party, although he split from the ILP over its opposition to World War II. He recounted his experiences in Spain in the book Homage to Catalonia. Orwell and his wife were forced to escape from Spain as fugitives, after the POUM was banned by the increasingly repressive regime.ĭespite his persecution, Orwell initially continued to support the Republic upon his return to England, viewing a Communist-dominated Spain as better than a Nationalist Spain. Taking a bullet through his neck but surviving, Orwell was invalided to Barcelona, where he witnessed the Stalinist repression of Trotskyist and Anarchist parties.
He became disillusioned with the Spanish government's policy of withholding arms from the POUM and the Anarchists, which he saw as an attempt by the Communists to water down the revolutionary nature of the Anti-Fascist resistance, and centralize power in the hands of the Moscow-backed Communist Party. He enlisted in the POUM (In English, Workers Party for Marxist Unity) Militia, and saw action on the Aragon front, where he fought side by side with Anаrchists and Communists, as well as Republican regulars. Orwell's political views began to move away from the far left when he volunteered to fight the Spanish Nationalist forces to keep them from overturning the Soviet-backed revolutionary socialist government of Spain in the Spаnish Civil War (1936-1939). Likely reasons include his open-mindedness, his adopting and then raising (due to his wife's untimely death) a child, and his disillusionment with Leftists while fighting on their side in Spain. The inspiration for Orwell's growth into conservatism remains unexplored. His highly influential essay, "Politics and the English Language," attacked the liberal obfuscation which was already present in his day, and championed clear speech. These works were far more significant than his first novel, based on his experiences on the Imperial Police Force in Burma, Burmese Dаys, which explored the evils of coloniаlism. He harshly criticized communism and totalitarianism in 1984, his finest novel, as well as in his shorter fictional work Animal Farm (1946), an allegorical reference to the Russian Revolution. Unlike most writers, Orwell's greatest works came late in his life. "Orwellian" is a term in tribute of his mockery of political attempts to control and redefine terminology. By the time Orwell adopted an infant in 1944, he was an outspoken opponent of abortion, which may have accelerated his anti- communist work.
Because of his prominent liberal past, Orwell's conservative writings were accepted and praised by the clueless liberal intelligentsia. The tension between the increasingly conservative Orwell and the perception of him as a democratic socialist may account for some of his interesting word inventions like "doublethink".
He hated imperialism and grew more conservative, adopting and raising a child and becoming a member of the Church of England. George Orwell is the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (JJanuary 21, 1950), a leading and open-minded English writer, essayist and journalist who became critical of his ideological allies on the Left.
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